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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1536330

ABSTRACT

Estimado editor: Los albores del año 2020 le depararon a la humanidad una terrible sorpresa: se reportaban los primeros casos de la posteriormente famosa COVID-19, una enfermedad, cuyo estrepitoso avance la convirtió en una pandemia declarada el 11 de marzo de 2020.1 Desde entonces, muchas han sido las estrategias destinadas a paliar sus efectos deletéreos. Ciertamente, fueron apareciendo esperanzadoras medidas sanitarias, unas con mayor éxito o acogida que otras, pero sin el suficiente respaldo científico como para avalar su uso y convertirse en la estrategia ideal. De ellas, algunas ya validadas para el tratamiento de pacientes críticos, como lo son la ventilación-oxigenoterapia (V), la infusión de líquidos-fluidoterapia (I) y la pronación (P), también fueron parte del intento. A ellas serán dedicadas estas líneas de reflexión...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Pronation , Fluid Therapy/methods , COVID-19/epidemiology
2.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 15(1): 44-73, mar2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435423

ABSTRACT

La cánula nasal de alto flujo se ha convertido en una de las principales estrategias de soporte ventilatorio no invasivo en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda hipoxémica, principalmente después de la pandemia de COVID-19. Sin embargo, su uso se extiende más allá de este escenario y abarca diferentes condiciones clínicas como el período postextubación, período postquirúrgico, insuficiencia respiratoria hipercápnica y soporte vital en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, trasplantados u oncológicos. Los manuscritos que avalan su aplicación han sido ampliamente difundidos y el grado de evidencia es lo suficientemente alto como para recomendar su uso. Por tanto, es necesario destacar sus efectos fisiológicos como el confort, una fracción inspirada de oxígeno precisa, el lavado de CO2 o la optimización del volumen pulmonar de fin de espiración para comprender su mecanismo de acción y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es ofrecer un resumen breve y conciso de los efectos y beneficios de aplicar esta terapia en diferentes escenarios clínicos sin la estructura rígida de una revisión sistemática. Con base en estas líneas, el lector curioso puede ampliar la evidencia científica que avala el empleo de la cánula nasal de alto flujo en cada escenario particular. (AU);


High-flow nasal cannula has become one of the main strategies for non-invasive ventilatory support in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, mainly after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its use extends beyond this scenario and covers different clinical conditions such as the post-extubation period, post-surgical period, hypercapnic respiratory failure and life support in immunosuppressed, trasplant or cancer patients. Manuscripts that support its application have been widely disseminated and the degree of evidence is high enough to recommend its use. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight its physiological effects such as comfort, precise fraction of inspiratory oxygen, CO2 lavage or optimize end-expiratory lung volume to understand its mechanism of action and improve patients' outcomes. The objective of this narrative review is to offer a brief and concise summary of the benefits of applying this therapy in different clinical scenarios without the rigid structure of a systematic review. Based on these lines, the curious reader can expand the scientific evidence that supports the use of the high-flow nasal cannula in each particular scenario. (AU);


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation , Cannula , Risk , Review , Critical Illness
3.
Chinese Critical Care Medicine ; (12): 762-763, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982670

ABSTRACT

As a new respiratory support technique, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) has been widely used in clinical practice in recent years. During HFNC treatment, due to the long time and continuous wearing of nasal stopper and fasteners on the patient face, it is easy to cause medical device-related pressure injury on multiple facial skin. Moreover, when the patient's position changes greatly, because there is no good fixed design at the HFNC nasal stopper, it is easy to shift or turn the nasal stopper outward, causing abnormal ventilation and failure to achieve the purpose of clinical oxygen therapy. To overcome above problems, medical staff in the intensive care unit of department of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College of HUST designed a new type of decompression fixator to prevent HFNC face pressure injury, and obtained national utility model patent (ZL 2022 2 0754626.1). The integrated design structure of the device has the functions of decompression of facial skin and fixation of nasal stopper, which can ensure the effect of oxygen therapy and improve the oxygen therapy experience and patient comfort, which is suitable for clinical promotion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cannula , Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Oxygen , Decompression , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation
4.
Rev. cuba. med ; 61(3)sept. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441675

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La ventilación mecánica no invasiva es una alternativa ventilatoria para los casos con COVID-19. Objetivo: Describir las características y la evolución de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva en los pacientes egresados en el Centro Provisional para pacientes moderados con COVID-19 en Figali, Panamá. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal. Incluyó a todos los pacientes adultos egresados entre junio y julio del 2021 que recibieron ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Se utilizó un cuestionario cuya fuente primaria fue la historia clínica individual digital. Se emplearon técnicas de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De 217 ingresados con COVID-19 moderado, 78 (35,9 por ciento) necesitaron ventilación mecánica no invasiva, iniciada con media al noveno día de síntomas y segundo después del ingreso. De estos, el 62,8 por ciento eran obesos y el 29,5 por ciento hipertensos. En el 56,4 por ciento, la frecuencia respiratoria ≥30 y la disminución de la razón PaO2/FiO2 fueron los indicadores principales que decidieron el inicio de la VMNI. Del total de ventilados, el 62,8 por ciento tuvo un síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo moderado-grave y esto se relacionó con el fracaso de la ventilación. La ventilación fue exitosa en el 65,4 por ciento. La razón PaO2/FiO2 <150 (62,9 por ciento), la frecuencia respiratoria ≥30 (55,6 por cientpo y el agotamiento físico (51,85 por ciento), indicaron la falla de la ventilación. Conclusiones: La ventilación mecánica no invasiva es un proceder efectivo en pacientes con COVID-19 y distrés respiratorio moderado o severo; aunque su éxito se relaciona con las formas menos graves. La PaO2/FiO2 baja junto a la clínica, fueron indicadores clave para evaluar inicio, éxito o fracaso de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva; no así los valores de PaO2, PaCO2 y SpO2(AU)


Introduction: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is a ventilatory alternative for COVID-19 cases. Objective: To describe the characteristics and evolution of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in patients discharged from Provisional Center for moderate COVID-19 patients in Figali, Panama. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal stu was carried out in all adult patients discharged from June to July 2021 and who received non-invasive mechanical ventilation. A questionnaire was used using the digital individual medical record as primary source. Descriptive statistics techniques were used. Results: 35.9percent of the patients (78/217) who were admitted required non-invasive mechanical ventilation on the ninth day of symptoms and the second day after admission. 62.8percent (49/78) were obese and 29.5percent (23/78) hypertensive. The respiratory rate ≥30 and the decrease in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio decided the begining of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in 56.4percent (78/217) of those admitted. 62.8percent (49/78) had moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the severity was related to ventilation failure out of the total number of ventilated patients. Ventilation was successful in 65.4percent (51/78). PaO2/FiO2 <150 (62.9percent), respiratory rate ≥30 (55.6percent) and physical exhaustion (51.85percent) decided ventilation failure. Conclusions: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is an effective procedure in COVID-19 patients and moderate or severe respiratory distress; although its success is related to the less severe forms. Low PaO2/FiO2, together with symptoms, were key indicators to assess the begining, success or failure of NIMV; not so the values of PaO2, PaCO2 and SpO2(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/diagnosis , Respiratory Insufficiency/complications , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , COVID-19/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
5.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 17(1): 28-33, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379429

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar desenlaces clínicos de oxigenoterapia con cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) en niños con dificultad respiratoria aguda en un servicio de urgencias. Estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo de datos panel en niños con diagnóstico de dificultad respiratoria moderada- severa. El resultado primario de interés fue ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) o requerir intubación 24 horas posteriores al inicio de la terapia. Se calcularon medidas de frecuencia y tendencia central. Los grupos se compararon con las pruebas Chi2, Fisher, Wilcoxon y Kruskal-Wallis. El análisis de datos panel balanceados identificó puntos de inflexión en las curvas de normalización de respuesta respiratoria. Un total de 339 niños de 0 a 16 años cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Mayoría hombres (62,24%), mediana de edad 2 años (RIQ= 0,75-3) y neumonía como principal causa de dificultad respiratoria (33,92%). El ingreso a UCIP (14,5%) y la intubación (0,9%) fue baja en la cohorte. En las primeras tres horas con CNAF se evidenció mejoría en los parámetros respiratorios, sin diferencias significativas entre pacientes con y sin respuesta clínica (frecuencia cardiaca p=0,317; frecuencia respiratoria p=0,423; SatO2 p=0,297; FiO2 p=0,116). No se presentaron eventos adversos ni casos de mortalidad. Los resultados sugieren que la oxigenoterapia con CNAF puede ser una alternativa de soporte respiratorio inicial en niños ≤16 años con dificultad respiratoria moderada a severa. La incidencia de intubación e ingreso a UCIP fue baja. La CNAF fue bien tolerada en los diferentes grupos de edad.


Objective: To analyze clinical outcomes of oxygen therapy with a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in children with acute respiratory distress in an emergency department. We design a longitudinal retrospective study of panel data in children with a diagnosis of moderate-severe respiratory distress. The primary outcome of interest was admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or requiring intubation 24 hours after initiation of therapy.We calculated the statistics of frequency and central tendency. Finally, the Chi2, Fisher, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare groups. Balanced panel data analysis identified inflexion points in the respiratory response normalization curves. Children (n = 339) from zero to 16 years old met the inclusion criteria. Most men (62.24%), median age= 2 years (IQR = 0.75-3) and pneumonia as the main cause of respiratory distress (33.92%). Admission to the PICU (14.5%) and intubation (0.9%) was low in the cohort. In the first three hours with HFNC, improvement in respiratory parameters was evidenced, with no significant differences between patients with and without clinical response (heart rate p = 0.317; respiratory rate p = 0.423; SatO2 p = 0.297; FiO2 p = 0.116). There were no adverse events or mortality cases. The results suggest that oxygen therapy with HFNC can be an alternative for initial respiratory support in children ≤16 years of age with moderate to severe respiratory distress. The incidence of intubation and admission to the PICU was low. The HFNC was well tolerated in the different age groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Cannula , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Treatment Outcome , Colombia , Emergencies
6.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 41: e1263, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408615

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa es un grupo de enfermedades que causan un trastorno de la capacidad aeróbica y calidad de vida, además, ocasionan una gran tasa de morbimortalidad para esta población. El uso de oxigenoterapia domiciliaria mayor a 15 horas diarias tiene beneficios en pacientes hipoxémicos crónicos, sin embargo, poco se ha comparado su uso con pacientes que no lo reciben. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, capacidad aeróbica funcional y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de dos grupos de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa, uno con indicación de oxigenoterapia domiciliaria y otro grupo sin indicación. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, que incluyó 41 pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa que firmaron consentimiento informado. En ambos grupos, características demográficas y clínicas, ansiedad/depresión, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud con el cuestionario Saint George y la capacidad aeróbica funcional con la prueba de marcha de seis minutos fueron medidas. Se compararon los grupos con la prueba t de student para muestras independientes. Resultados: El grupo enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa con oxigenoterapia domiciliaria presentó mayor porcentaje de antecedente de tabaquismo (p = 0,041), menor distancia caminada en la prueba de marcha de seis minutos (304,1 ± 108,7 vs. 390,3 ± 95,6 p = 0,01), y menor porcentaje de la distancia predicha (58,37 ± 20,45 vs. 73,34 ± 22,90, p = 0,034) frente al grupo enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa sin oxigenoterapia domiciliaria. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa con indicación de oxigenoterapia domiciliaria presentan menor capacidad aeróbica funcional comparada con pacientes sin indicación(AU)


Introduction: Diffuse interstitial lung disease is a group of diseases that cause a disorder of aerobic capacity and quality of life; in addition, they cause a high rate of morbidity and mortality for this population. The use of home oxygen therapy greater than 15 hours a day has benefits in chronic hypoxemic patients, however, little has been compared to patients who do not receive it. Objective: Describe the clinical characteristics, functional aerobic capacity and health-related quality of life of two groups of patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease, one with indication for home oxygen therapy and another group without indication. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study included 41 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease who signed informed consent. In both groups, demographic and clinical characteristics, anxiety/depression, health quality of life related with the Saint George questionnaire, and functional aerobic capacity with the six-minute gait test were measured. The groups were compared with the student's t-test for independent samples. Results: The diffuse interstitial lung disease group with home oxygen therapy presented a higher percentage of smoking history (p = 0.041), a shorter distance walked in the six-minute gait test (304.1 ± 108.7 vs. 390.3 ± 95.6 p = 0.01), and a lower percentage of the predicted distance (58.37 ± 20.45 vs. 73.34 ± 22.90, p = 0.034) compared to the diffuse interstitial lung disease group without home oxygen therapy. Conclusions: Patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease with indication of home oxygen therapy have lower functional aerobic capacity compared to patients without indication(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/rehabilitation , House Calls , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyspnea/rehabilitation
7.
Washington; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; feb. 26, 2021. 32 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151146

ABSTRACT

Este documento tiene como objetivo dar las facilitar recomendaciones para asegurar la capacidad de suministro de oxígeno para oxigenoterapia en los módulos asistenciales de los equipos médicos de emergencia (EMT) y en los sitios alternativos de atención médica (SAAM). El documento incluye conocimientos básicos sobre los diferentes tipos de instalaciones de oxigenoterapia, así como las orientaciones para que el personal de apoyo operacional del EMT pueda realizar una adaptación óptima de sus equipos para atender las necesidades clínicas de los pacientes COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Oxygen/supply & distribution , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Hospital Rapid Response Team/organization & administration , Pandemics/prevention & control
8.
Lima; IETSI; 9 jul. 2020.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-1119643

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCIÓN La hipoxemia, (una disminución anormal de la presión parcial de oxígeno en la sangre arterial por debajo de 60 mmHg), es una condición presente en diversas condiciones clínicas, incluyendo COVID-19. Para el tratamiento de la hipoxemia, se requiere la administración de oxígeno medicinal (también denominado oxígeno suplementario), gas que forma parte de la lista modelo de medicamentos esenciales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El oxígeno medicinal no solo tiene el objetivo de revertir la hipoxia tisular (daño fisiológico causado por falta de oxígeno en un determinado tejido) sino que también aumenta las probabilidades de sobrevida en pacientes afectados con esta condición. Por ello, la OMS señala que es necesario que en los establecimientos de salud se cuente con un suministro seguro de oxígeno, siendo necesario que figure en los presupuestos de asistencia sanitaria y exista en los establecimientos de salud (OMS 2016). En Perú, el oxígeno medicinal está considerado en el grupo de medicamentos denominados gases medicinales. La Dirección General de Medicamentos Insumos y Drogas (DIGEMID), señala que el oxígeno medicinal debe tener una concentración de entre 99 a 100 % de O2 (MINSA 2018). Sin embargo, en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, se ha autorizado el uso del oxígeno medicinal de concentración no menor al 93 % (Presidente de la República 2020). Cabe precisar que la definición de oxígeno medicinal al 93 % contempla al oxígeno extraído del aire mediante un proceso de tamizado molecular (U.S. Pharmacopeia 2018). TECNOLOGÍA DE INTERÉS: La OMS señala que los concentradores de oxígeno representan una opción adecuada y favorable para suministrar oxígeno para el tratamiento de pacientes en países en desarrollo, especialmente cuando los cilindros y otros sistemas convencionales son inapropiados o no estén disponibles. También señala que los concentradores de oxígeno pueden ser considerados como una fuente de este gas medicinal aun disponiéndose de suministro de oxígeno por los métodos convencionales cuando el acceso a este gas pueda verse reducido por la falta de accesorios, suministro eléctrico y la escasez de personal calificado (OMS 2016). METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura hasta el día 9 de julio de 2020 con respecto al uso de concentradores de oxígeno en el contexto de COVID-19. Para ello se emplearon las bases de datos bibliográficas: PubMed, Medline vía OVID y LILACS. Asimismo, se realizó una búsqueda manual avanzada en el motor de búsqueda Google, y en páginas web de sociedades o instituciones tales como: Organización Mundial de la Salud. RESULTADOS: Como resultado de la búsqueda, no se encontraron guías de práctica clínica, evaluaciones de tecnologías sanitarias, revisiones sistemáticas o estudios primarios que evalúen el uso de concentradores de oxígeno en el contexto de COVID-19. Tampoco se han publicado series que describan la experiencia de uso de este dispositivo médico en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. A la fecha, se han publicado documentos técnicos de la OMS respecto al empleo de tecnologías sanitarias para suplir la necesidad de oxígeno en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 y una guía de la National Health Service del Reino Unido donde se describe al concentrador de oxígeno entre las alternativas de suministro de oxígeno para uso en pacientes con COVID-19 que requieren oxigenoterapia. CONCLUSIONES: En el contexto de la emergencia sanitaria nacional debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, la alta demanda de administración de oxígeno suplementario para la atención de un grupo rápidamente creciente de pacientes, impone la necesidad de explorar el uso de alternativas tecnológicas sanitarias que puedan servir como suministro de este gas en aras de resguardar la salud pública y la vida de la población. Así, se ha realizado el presente reporte breve el cual informa acerca del uso hospitalario de los concentradores de oxígeno, sus características tecnológicas y sus usos para oxigenoterapia, a la luz de la literatura técnica disponible al 9 de julio de 2020. De acuerdo con los documentos técnicos incluidos en el presente reporte breve, es razonable proponer que los concentradores de oxígeno constituyen una alternativa viable en entornos de escasos recursos o disponibilidad limitada de otras fuentes de oxígeno más avanzadas. Siendo que tienen una capacidad limitada de proveer flujos y concentraciones de oxígeno, la utilidad de este equipo médico estaría orientada principalmente para la oxigenoterapia de bajo flujo, la misma que debe ser prescrita por el equipo médico tratante de acuerdo con las necesidades del paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Hypoxia/etiology , Health Evaluation , Efficacy
10.
Med. infant ; 26(4): 364-367, dic. 2019. ilus, Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1047049

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Oxigenoterapia de Alto Flujo (OAF) es una técnica de soporte respiratorio no invasiva, que ofrece un flujo de aire y oxígeno, caliente y humidificado, por encima del flujo pico inspiratorio del paciente, a través de una cánula nasal. En este artículo se presenta la experiencia con OAF en una sala de pediatría de mediana y baja complejidad para el tratamiento de bronquiolitis/ infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB). Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un protocolo para la implementación de OAF. Criterios de inclusión: Pacientes cursando bronquiolitis/ IRAB con: Score de Tal modificado ≥6, Sat O2 < 92% y/o mala mecánica ventilatoria, a pesar de recibir más de 2 lt/ min de O2 por cánula nasal ó FiO2 >40%. Criterios de exclusión, pCO2 ≥55 mmHg; pH: < 7,20; Apneas ≥20 segundos; Glasgow ≤10; Peso >15 kg. Inestabilidad hemodinámica; Alteraciones craneofaciales. Resultados: En el periodo 2017- 2018 se internaron 441 pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda baja. Se administró OAF a 54 pacientes (12%). La mediana de edad mediana 7,4 meses (r: 27 días-36 meses). Los pacientes ingresados no presentaban comorbilidades asociadas. El 22,2% (12/54) fueron trasladados a UTIP (2,7% del total de los internados). El 64.8% de los pacientes que permanecieron en sala de internación, mostró mejoría en FC y FR a las 4 hs. Por el contrario, en el 75% de los pacientes que requirieron UTIP no se evidenció mejoría en estos parámetros. Conclusiones: La OAF es una alternativa terapéutica que podría disminuir el ingreso a UTIP en pacientes con dificultad respiratoria moderada. En nuestra experiencia resultó fácil de implementar, sin efectos adversos graves (AU)


Introduction: High-flow oxygen (HFO) therapy is a non-invasive oxygen support technique that provides hot and humidified air and oxygen flow above the peak inspiratory flow of the patient through a nasal cannula. In this study we present our experience with HFO on a intermediate and low complexity ward for the treatment of bronchiolitis/acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Material and methods: A protocol for the implementation of HFO was designed. Inclusion criteria: Patients with bronchiolitis/ALRI with: Modified Tal score ≥6, Sat O2 < 92%, and/or poor ventilatory mechanism, in spite of receiving more than 2 L/ min O2 by nasal cannula or FiO2 >40%. Exclusion criteria: pCO2 ≥55 mmHg; pH: < 7.20; Apnea ≥20 seconds; Glasgow score ≤10; Peso >15 kg. Hemodynamic instability; Craniofacial abnormalities. Results: During 2017- 2018, 441 patients were admitted with LRTI. HFO was administered to 54 patients (12%). Median age was 7.4 months (r: 27 days-36 months). The patients that were included in the study did not have associated morbidities. Overall, 22.2% (12/54) were transferred to the PICU (2.7% of all hospitalized patients). Of the patients who remained on the ward, 64.8% improved FC and FR after 4 hours. On the other hand, in 75% of the patients that required PICU admission these parameters did not improve. Conclusions: HFO is a therapeutic option to decrease PICU admission of patients with moderate respiratory difficulties. The protocol was easy to implement and was not associated with severe adverse effects (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/instrumentation , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Cannula
11.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 31(2): 156-163, abr.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013763

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da oxigenoterapia com uso de cânula nasal de alto fluxo no tratamento da insuficiência respiratória hipercápnica moderada em pacientes que não conseguem tolerar ou têm contraindicações para ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional de 13 meses envolvendo participantes admitidos a uma unidade de terapia intensiva com insuficiência respiratória hipercápnica ou durante o processo de seu desenvolvimento. Os parâmetros clínicos e de troca gasosa foram registrados em intervalos regulares durante as primeiras 24 horas. Os parâmetros finais foram saturação de oxigênio entre 88 e 92%, juntamente da redução do esforço respiratório (frequência respiratória) e da normalização do pH (≥ 7,35). Os participantes foram considerados não responsivos em caso de necessidade de utilização de suporte ventilatório. Resultados: Trinta participantes foram tratados utilizando oxigenoterapia com cânula nasal de alto fluxo. Esta foi uma população mista com exacerbação de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, edema pulmonar cardiogênico agudo, e insuficiência respiratória aguda pós-operatória e pós-extubação. Observou-se melhora não significante na frequência respiratória (28,0 ± 0,9 versus 24,3 ± 1,5; p = 0,22), que foi aparente nas primeiras 4 horas do tratamento. Ocorreu melhora do pH, embora só se tenham obtido níveis normais após 24 horas de tratamento com cânula nasal de alto fluxo (7,28 ± 0,02 versus 7,37 ± 0,01; p = 0,02). A proporção de não responsivos foi de 13,3% (quatro participantes), dos quais um necessitou e aceitou ventilação mecânica não invasiva, e três necessitaram de intubação. A mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 3,3% (um participante), e um paciente morreu após a alta para a enfermaria (mortalidade hospitalar de 6,6%). Conclusão: O oxigenoterapia com cânula nasal de alto fluxo é eficaz para a insuficiência respiratória hipercápnica moderada e ajuda a normalizar os parâmetros clínicos e de troca gasosa, com taxa aceitável de não responsivos que necessitaram de suporte ventilatório.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in treating moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients who cannot tolerate or have contraindications to noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: A prospective observational 13-month study involving subjects admitted to an intensive care unit with or developing moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure. Clinical and gas exchange parameters were recorded at regular intervals during the first 24 hours. The endpoints were a oxygen saturation between 88 and 92% along with a reduction in breathing effort (respiratory rate) and pH normalization (≥ 7.35). Subjects were considered nonresponders if they required ventilatory support. Results: Thirty subjects were treated with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. They consisted of a mixed population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and postoperative and postextubation respiratory failure. A nonsignificant improvement was observed in respiratory rate (28.0 ± 0.9 versus 24.3 ± 1.5, p = 0.22), which was apparent in the first four hours of treatment. The pH improved, although normal levels were only reached after 24 hours on high-flow nasal cannula therapy (7.28 ± 0.02 versus 7.37 ± 0.01, p = 0.02). The rate of nonresponders was 13.3% (4 subjects), of whom one needed and accepted noninvasive mechanical ventilation and three required intubation. Intensive care unit mortality was 3.3% (1 subject), and a patient died after discharge to the ward (hospital mortality of 6.6%). Conclusion: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is effective for moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure as it helps normalize clinical and gas exchange levels with an acceptable rate of nonresponders who require ventilatory support.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Hypercapnia/therapy , Intensive Care Units , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen/metabolism , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Pulmonary Gas Exchange , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Cannula , Middle Aged
12.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 78(2): 117-121, mar.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003575

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de um protocolo de redução da saturação do oxigênio utilizado na suplementação dos recém-nascidos pré-termos (RNPT) internados em uma UTI neonatal para prevenir o aparecimento da Retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP). Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte realizado em única UTI Neonatal. O primeiro grupo (pré-protocolo, n=30) fez uso de oxigênio com saturação de hemoglobina >95%. A partir da instituição de um novo protocolo de oxigenioterapia que manteve a saturação de hemoglobina entre 90% e 95% obteve-se o segundo grupo (pós-protocolo n=28). Todos os RNPT incluídos tinham idade gestacional de menor ou igual 32 semanas e/ou com peso de nascimento igual ou abaixo de 1500g, fizeram mapeamentos de retina a partir de 28 dias de vida e seguimento por até 45 semanas de idade gestacional corrigida. Resultados: Dos 58 casos estudados, excluindo-se os que foram a óbito (15/58; 26,8%) dos casos, ROP foi diagnosticado em 15/43 (34,9%) pacientes. A menor idade gestacional influenciou significativamente no aparecimento da ROP (p=0,002). Em relação ao número de casos de ROP e de óbitos não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. O tempo de oxigenioterapia foi significativamente associado com a presença de ROP em ambos grupos. Meninos foram seis vezes mais acometidos por ROP que as meninas. Conclusão: A redução da saturação de oxigênio não se mostrou eficaz para redução de número de casos de ROP.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an oxygen saturation reduction protocol used to supplement preterm newborns (PTNB) hospitalized in a neonatal ICU to prevent the onset of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This is a cohort study performed in a single Neonatal ICU. The first group (pre-protocol, n = 30) used oxygen with hemoglobin saturation > 95%. Since the institution of a new oxygen therapy protocol that maintained hemoglobin saturation between 90% and 95%, the second group was obtained (post-protocol n = 28). All included preterm infants had a gestational age of less than or equal to 32 weeks and / or birth weight of 1500 g or less, retinal mappings from 28 days of life and follow up for up to 45 weeks of corrected gestational age. Results: 58 cases were studied, excluding those who died (15/58; 26.8%), ROP was diagnosed in 15/43 patients (34.9%). The lower gestational age significantly influenced the appearance of ROP (p = 0.002). Regarding the number of ROP cases and deaths, no statistically significant difference was observed between groups. Oxygen therapy time was significantly associated with the presence of ROP in both groups. Boys were six times more affected by ROP than girls. Conclusion: Reduction of oxygen saturation was not effective in reducing the number of cases of ROP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Retinopathy of Prematurity/etiology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/prevention & control , Oximetry , Oxygen/blood , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Retinopathy of Prematurity/classification , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Cohort Studies , Gestational Age , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Premature Birth
14.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(4): 487-495, out.-dez. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977990

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do cateter nasal de alto fluxo na prevenção de intubação e reintubação de pacientes críticos em comparação com oxigenoterapia convencional ou ventilação não invasiva. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática foi realizada por meio de busca eletrônica em bancos de dados incluindo trabalhos publicados entre 1966 e abril de 2018. O desfecho primário foi a necessidade de intubação ou reintubação. Os desfechos secundários foram escalonamento de terapia, mortalidade no seguimento mais longo, mortalidade hospitalar e necessidade de ventilação não invasiva. Resultados: Dezessete estudos com 3.978 pacientes foram incluídos. Não houve redução na necessidade de intubação ou reintubação (OR 0,72; IC95% 0,52 - 1,01; p = 0,056). Não houve diferença no escalonamento de terapia (OR 0,80; IC95% 0,59 - 1,08; p = 0,144), na mortalidade no seguimento mais longo (OR 0,94; IC95% 0,70 - 1,25; p = 0,667), na mortalidade hospitalar (OR 0,84; IC95% 0,56 - 1,26; p = 0,391) ou na necessidade de ventilação não invasiva (OR 0,64; IC95% 0,39 - 1,05, p = 0,075). Na análise sequencial de ensaios, o número de eventos incluídos foi menor que o tamanho ótimo de informação, com erro tipo I global > 0,05. Conclusão: No presente estudo e no cenário avaliado, o cateter nasal de alto fluxo não foi associado com redução na necessidade de intubação ou reintubação em pacientes críticos.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula in the prevention of intubation and re-intubation in critically ill patients compared to conventional oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation. Methods: This systematic review was performed through an electronic database search of articles published from 1966 to April 2018. The primary outcome was the need for intubation or re-intubation. The secondary outcomes were therapy escalation, mortality at the longest follow-up, hospital mortality and the need for noninvasive ventilation. Results: Seventeen studies involving 3,978 patients were included. There was no reduction in the need for intubation or re-intubation with high-flow nasal cannula (OR 0.72; 95%CI 0.52 - 1.01; p = 0.056). There was no difference in the need for therapy escalation (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59 - 1.08, p = 0.144), mortality at the longest follow-up (OR 0.94; 95%CI 0.70 - 1.25; p = 0.667), hospital mortality (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.56 - 1.26; p = 0.391) or noninvasive ventilation (OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.39 - 1.05, p = 0.075). In the trial sequential analysis, the number of events included was lower than the optimal information size with a global type I error > 0.05. Conclusion: In the present study and setting, high-flow nasal cannula was not associated with a reduction of the need for intubation or re-intubation in critically ill patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Cannula , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Mortality , Critical Illness , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods
15.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 33(3): 414-418, jul.-set. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-965621

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O pioderma gangrenoso (PG) corresponde a uma dermatose autoimune crônica e rara. Sua base etiológica ainda permanece pouco conhecida, sendo idiopático em 25 a 50% dos casos, nos demais está associado com doenças sistêmicas de fundo autoimune, tem uma incidência de 2 a 3 casos em 1 milhão de habitantes por ano. No Brasil, este índice é de 0,38 casos por 10.000 atendimentos, as mais acometidas são as mulheres entre a segunda e quinta década de vida. O quadro clínico é variável, sendo que a forma ulcerosa, que surge sobre uma cicatriz prévia, é a mais prevalente. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 39 anos de idade, previamente hígida, foi submetida à mamoplastia redutora, evoluiu com úlcera necrótica em cicatriz vertical de mama esquerda. Realizado desbridamento de tecidos desvitalizados, prescrita antibioticoterapia, apresentando piora importante da lesão, sendo considerada a hipótese de PG. Iniciado tratamento com corticoterapia oral e tópica com remissão do quadro. Conclusões: O PG representa um desafio no diagnóstico e, geralmente, demonstra a dificuldade diagnóstica, podendo ser confundido com infecção do sítio cirúrgico.


Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a chronic and rare autoimmune dermatosis. Its etiology remains poorly understood, being idiopathic in 25 to 50% of cases; in others, it is associated with systemic diseases with autoimmune background and has an incidence of 2 to 3 cases per 1 million per year. In Brazil, the rate is 0.38 cases per 10,000 clinical visits, and women between the second and fifth decades of life are the most affected. The clinical presentation is variable, and the ulcerous form, which appears on a previous scar, is the most prevalent. Case Report: A 39-year-old, previously healthy female underwent reduction mammoplasty, and later developed a necrotic ulcer on a vertical left breast scar. Debridement of devitalized tissue was performed, with significant worsening despite antibiotic therapy. The appearance suggested PG. Treatment with oral and topical corticosteroids was then initiated with remission. Conclusions: PG represents a diagnostic challenge, and can be confused with surgical site infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/surgery , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Patients , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapy , Breast/surgery , Mammaplasty , Pyoderma Gangrenosum , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
17.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 13(3): 113-117, sept. 2018. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-947620

ABSTRACT

Oxygen therapy is frequent in prematures to treat respiratory conditions typically associated with them. Long-term use is mainly due to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). However, the use of oxygen has been controversial in the last decade especially given the associated risk of hyperoxemia in these children. Pulse oximetry (SpO2) is a fundamental tool to guide oxygen therapy. Different trials have found that, in prematures born ≤28 weeks of gestational age who requires oxygen, a restrictive SpO2 target (85-89%) vs a liberal one (91-95%) may cause a higher mortality rate and enterocolitis, but less serious retinopathy. These targets are not normal SpO2 values. Studies on SpO2 reference values in preterm infants are scarce, heterogeneous and they do not necessarily use highly accurate and latest generation pulse oximeters. This contributes to the variation of oxygen therapy among different centers and reinforces the relevance of having SpO2 reference values in preterm infants to safely guide oxygen therapy.


La terapia con oxígeno es frecuente en prematuros para el tratamiento de patología respiratoria propia de su condición. En forma crónica la principal causa de su uso es Displasia Broncopulmonar (DBP). Sin embargo, el uso de oxígeno en prematuros ha sido motivo de debate en la última década fundamentalmente por los riesgos asociados a estados de hiperoxemia. La oximetría de pulso (SpO2) es una herramienta fundamental para guiar la oxigenoterapia. En prematuros que nacen ≤28 semanas de edad gestacional que requieren oxígeno, distintos estudios han demostrado que una meta de SpO2 restrictiva (85-89%) vs liberal (91-95%) tendría mayor mortalidad y enterocolitis, pero menor retinopatía grave. Estas metas no son valores normales de SpO2. Los estudios sobre valores de referencia de SpO2 en prematuros son limitados, heterogéneos y no necesariamente con oxímetros de última generación de mayor precisión. Esto contribuye a que la oxigenoterapia sea variable entre distintos centros y refuerza la relevancia de contar con valores de referencia de SpO2 en prematuros para guiar con seguridad el uso de oxígeno.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Infant, Premature , Oximetry/standards , Oxygen Consumption , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Reference Values , Monitoring, Physiologic
18.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(3): 266-269, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962727

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare congenital condition with distinct dilatation and diverticulation of the tracheal wall. The symptoms may vary and the treatment usually consists of support. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 60-year-old male with recurrent hospital admission. He was admitted in this case due to dyspnea, cough and sputum production. An arterial blood sample revealed decompensated respiratory acidosis with moderate hypoxemia. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed dilatation of the trachea and bronchi, tracheal diverticula and bronchiectasis. Flexible bronchoscopy was performed, which revealed enlarged airways with expiratory collapse. Furthermore, orifices of tracheal diverticulosis were also detected. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) was added, along with long-term oxygen therapy. At control visits, the patient's clinical and laboratory findings were found to have improved. CONCLUSION: Flexible bronchoscopy can be advocated for establishing the diagnosis and non-invasive mechanical ventilation can be used with a high success rate, for clinical wellbeing in Mounier-Kuhn syndrome.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: A síndrome de Mounier-Kuhn é uma condição congênita rara com dilatação e diverticulação distintas da parede traqueal. Os sintomas podem ser variáveis ​e o tratamento geralmente é de suporte. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, de 60 anos, com internação hospitalar recorrente, foi internado neste caso devido a dispneia, tosse e produção de expectoração. A amostra de sangue arterial revelou acidose respiratória descompensada, com hipoxemia moderada. A tomografia computadorizada de tórax mostrou dilatação da traqueia e brônquios, divertículos traqueais e bronquiectasias. Realizou-se broncoscopia flexível, que revelou aumento das vias aéreas com colapso expiratório. Além disso, também foram detectados orifícios de diverticulose traqueal. Foi adicionada ventilação com pressão positiva não invasiva (NPPV) juntamente com a oxigenoterapia a longo prazo. Foram verificadas melhoras dos resultados clínicos e laboratoriais do doente nas visitas de controle. CONCLUSÃO: A broncoscopia flexível pode ser defendida para estabelecer o diagnóstico, e a ventilação mecânica não invasiva pode ser utilizada com alta taxa de sucesso, para bem-estar clínico, na síndrome de Mounier-Kuhn.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bronchoscopy/methods , Tracheobronchomegaly/therapy , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Diverticulum/therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tracheobronchomegaly/diagnostic imaging , Diverticulum/diagnostic imaging
19.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(1): 56-61, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894100

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that use of heliox would result in improvement of gas exchange when used with high flow nasal cannula in infants with RSV acute bronchiolitis. Methods: All patients that met the inclusion criteria were randomized to either heliox (70:30) or air-oxygen mixture 30% via high flow nasal cannula at 8 L/min for a continuous 24 h. Measurements were taken at baseline, after 2 h, and at the end of the 24 h. Results: This prospective study included 48 patients. After 2 h of treatment with heliox, the oxygen saturation and PaO2 significantly improved when compared with the air-oxygen group, 98.3% vs. 92.9%, 62.0 mmHg vs. 43.6 mmHg (p = 0.04 and 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher in the heliox group when compared with the air-oxygen group, 206.7 vs. 145.3. Nevertheless, CO2 showed better elimination when heliox was used, without significance. MWCA score dropped significantly in the heliox group, 2.2 points vs. 4.0 points in air-oxygen (p = 0.04), 2 h after starting the therapy. Conclusion: Transient improvement of oxygenation in infants with RSV acute bronchiolitis during the initial phase of the therapy is associated with heliox when provided with HFNC, may provide a precious time for other therapeutic agents to work or for the disease to resolve naturally, avoiding other aggressive interventions.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a hipótese de que o uso da mistura heliox resultaria em melhoria da troca gasosa quando usado com cânula nasal de alto fluxo em crianças com bronquiolite aguda por VSR. Métodos: Todos os pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão foram randomizados para receber a mistura heliox (70:30) ou a mistura ar/oxigênio a 30% por meio da cânula nasal de alto fluxo a 8 L/min por 24 horas contínuas. As medições foram feitas no início, depois de duas horas e ao fim de 24 horas. Resultados: Fizemos um estudo prospectivo em que foram incluídos 48 pacientes. Após duas horas de tratamento com a mistura heliox, a saturação de oxigênio e a PaO2 apresentaram melhoria significativa em comparação com o grupo da mistura ar/oxigênio: 98,3% em comparação com 92,9%, 62,0 mmHg em comparação com 43,6 mmHg (p = 0,04 e 0,01), respectivamente. Além disso, a relação PaO2/FiO2 era significativamente mais alta no grupo da mistura heliox do que no grupo da mistura ar/oxigênio, 2.067 em comparação com 1.453. Contudo, o CO2 apresentou melhor eliminação quando a mistura heliox foi usada, sem relevância. O Escore MWCA caiu significativamente no grupo da mistura heliox, 2,2 pontos em comparação com 4,0 pontos da mistura ar/oxigênio (p = 0,04) duas horas após o início da terapia. Conclusão: A breve melhoria da oxigenação em crianças com bronquiolite aguda por VSR na fase inicial da terapia está associada à mistura heliox quando administrada pela CNAF e poderá fornecer um tempo precioso para outros agentes terapêuticos funcionarem ou para a própria doença se curar naturalmente e evitar outras intervenções agressivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Bronchiolitis, Viral/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Cannula , Helium/administration & dosage , Bronchiolitis, Viral/virology , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
20.
Rev. chil. anest ; 47(4): 245-254, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451201

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: High-flow nasal cannula is an oxygenation therapy in patients with acute respiratory failure. There are, some questions about this technique which answer is needed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed all patients that require high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy admitted to a polyvalent intensive care unit of a university tertiary hospital. We select those patients who require the therapy as initial support for their acute respiratory failure. We analyzed the mortality and connection to mechanical ventilation (V.M.) rate. We performed a global analysis and then a sub analysis for underlying pathology. Our objective is to describe which pathology has the best results with this treatment. Patients who require therapy to support scheduled extubation, heart failure, pulmonary thromboembolism, thoracic trauma and decreased level of consciousness were excluded. RESULTS: We analysed a total of 128 patients. 76 Men, Mean age 57.4 years, APACHE II 19; SOFA 8.2; SAPS II 55.2; Mean income 13.3 days; Patients required the therapy an average of 2.8 days. 65 patients required connection to M.V. after HFNC therapy. Those patients who were intubated in the first 48 hours had a mortality rate of 45% while those in which the therapy was delayed more than 48 hours had a mortality rate of 56% (P = 0.3). Patients were divided according to their underline pathology. Acute respiratory failure: Extra pulmonary or intra pulmonary (Pneumonia in immunosuppressed and Pneumonia in immuno competent). In the first group, connection to MV was required in 54% of the cases, with a mortality rate of 54% in those intubated in the first 48 hours vs 40% later. In the group of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, M.V. was required in the 60.5% of the cases with a mortality rate of 75% in those intubated in the first 48 hours vs 71% posteriorly. In the group Pneumonia in immuno competent, M.V. was required in 42% of the cases with a mortality rate of 10% in the ones intubated the first 48 hours vs 50% later. Statistically significant differences were observed regarding the need of M.V connection according to base pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Results of HFNC oxygen therapy do not appear to be different in pulmonary or extrapulmonary respiratory failure. The severity of the patient ilness is related to the need of mechanical ventilation and mortality rate. The patient who benefits the most from the early identification of the failure of this therapy, is the one who presents acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia in immunocompetent patient.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La oxigenoterapia de alto flujo es una técnica de oxigenación en los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. Existen, algunas preguntas acerca de esta técnica que necesitan respuesta. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Analizamos todos los pacientes que requieren oxigenoterapia de alto flujo ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos polivalente de un hospital terciario universitario. Seleccionamos aquellos pacientes que requieren la terapia como soporte inicial de su insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. Analizamos la mortalidad y conexión a ventilación mecánica (V.M.). Realizamos un análisis global y posteriormente un subanálisis por patología subyacente. Nuestro objetivo es describir en que patología presenta mejores resultados. Se excluyen los pacientes que requieren la terapia como apoyo a la extubación programada, insuficiencia cardiaca, tromboembolismo pulmonar, trauma torácico y disminución del nivel de conciencia. RESULTADOS: Analizamos un total de 128 pacientes. Setenta y seis varones, edad media 57,4 años, APACHE II 19; SOFA 8,2; SAPS II 55,2; días de ingreso medio 13,3; Los pacientes requieren la terapia una media de 2,8 días. Sesenta y cinco pacientes requieren conexión a V.M. tras uso de esta terapia. Aquellos pacientes que son intubados en las primeras 48 horas presentan una mortalidad de 45%, mientras que aquellos en los que la terapia se alarga más de 48 horas la mortalidad es del 56% (p = 0,3). Se divide a los pacientes según su patología de base. Insuficiencia respiratoria de causa: Extrapulmonar, neumonía en inmunodeprimido y neumonía en inmuno competente. En el primer grupo se objetiva conexión a V.M en un 54% de los casos, con una mortalidad del 54% en aquellos intubados en las primeras 48 horas vs 40% posteriormente. En el grupo neumonía en inmunodeprimido se requiere V.M en el 60,5% con una mortalidad del 75% en aquellos intubados en las primeras 48 horas vs 71% posteriormente. En el grupo neumonía en inmunocompetente objetivamos conexión a V.M. en el 42% con una mortalidad del 10% en los intubados las primeras 48 horas vs 50% posteriormente. Se objetivan diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a necesidad de conexión a V.M. según patología de base. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de la terapia de alto flujo no parece ser diferente en la insuficiencia respiratoria de causa pulmonar o extrapulmonar. La gravedad del enfermo se relaciona con la necesidad de ventilación mecánica y mortalidad. El paciente que más se beneficia de la rápida identificación del fracaso de esta terapia es el que presenta insuficiencia respiratoria por neumonía en paciente inmunocompetente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Pneumonia/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Severity of Illness Index , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Immunocompromised Host , Cannula , Immunocompetence , Intensive Care Units
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